Ethereum is reclaiming its role as a primary liquidity hub despite slower growth on its Layer 2 (L2) networks. Data shows a sharp decline in the L2 to L1 Daily Active Users ratio, indicating fragmented user activity. Meanwhile, substantial value remains anchored on the Ethereum mainnet, with around $163.3 billion in stablecoin supply and a dominant share of the Real-World Asset (RWA) market. This suggests capital continues to concentrate where finality and security are strongest, solidifying Ethereum’s position as a core settlement layer.
Activity across Ethereum’s ecosystem is shifting, as L2 usage cools while value remains anchored on the base layer. The L2 to L1 Daily Active Users ratio fell to 1.12 in February 2026, down sharply from 2025 highs, showing fragmented user growth.
As execution spreads across L2s, the base layer still secures settlement and liquidity, which preserves structural dominance. Stablecoin supply near $163.3 billion on mainnet confirms capital continues to concentrate where finality and security remain strongest.
Fee dynamics reinforce this divergence, with base fees averaging 12.6 gwei and only 267 ETH burned weekly, reflecting softer demand. As L2s contribute minimal burn, economic value stays tied to L1.
This shift suggests Ethereum is consolidating as a capital hub, where liquidity concentrates even as user activity disperses. The L2-to-ETH Daily Active Addresses ratio rose from about 2 in early 2023 to over 15 by mid-2024, showing users moved quickly to L2s for cheaper transactions.
However, this growth did not last, as the ratio dropped to around 10–11 by 2026, showing user activity has slowed. This decline suggests L2 usage is weakening rather than expanding.
Capital shows a different trend, as the L2-to-ETH stablecoin ratio peaked near 0.30 before settling around 0.20–0.22, meaning that liquidity is holding better than user activity. This imbalance implies value is staying where security and flexibility are strongest.
The trend is further supported by changes in regulations that are influencing capital flows. To illustrate the preference for regulated assets, Ethereum has gained roughly $9.6 billion, or 58% of the $16.5 billion RWA market, thanks to institutions looking for compliant systems and dependable settlement.
As this demand grows, capital remains on the base layer because high-value transactions require strong security and finality. This explains why liquidity holds steady even as user activity spreads across cheaper L2 networks.
ETF flows support this trend, with spot ETH products attracting $9.9 billion in inflows through 2025 and AUM exceeding $12 billion into 2026. This steady growth shows rising institutional trust. This pattern indicates that Ethereum is solidifying its position as the primary layer for large-scale value settlement.
